The Role of Truth in The Things They Carried Essays

The Role of Truth in The Things They Carried Essays The Role of Truth in The Things They Carried Paper The Role of Truth in The Things They Carried Paper Article Topic: Everything Is Illuminated The Things They Carried The Purest Form of Truth: Truths Role in The Things They Carried â€Å"War is heck, however that’s not the half of it, since war is likewise secret and dread and experience and fortitude and disclosure and blessedness and pity and depression and aching and love. War is terrible; war is enjoyable. War is exciting; war is drudgery. War makes you a man; war makes you dead† (76). As indicated by Tim O’Brien, these speculations about war are reality. In any case, as O’Brien ceaselessly reshapes readers’ idea of truth all through The Things They Carried, one rapidly comes to understand that none of these realities speak to truth about war. Perusers experience the embodiment of Vietnam through each of O’Brien and his squadron’s distinctive recollections: Rat Kiley’s loss of a companion as Curt Lemon ventured into his last beam of daylight and was exploded into the trees, Norman Bowker leaving to neglecting Kiowa under the mud and out of this life, and the â€Å"dainty youthful man† with his jaw in his throat and his eye as a star-molded opening that was O’Brien’s just kill. In spite of the fact that depicted as evident beneficial encounters, these occasions and even a large portion of these characters are in the long run uncovered as manufactures of O’Brien’s mind. Does this imply the tales are false? As clarified in another entry, â€Å"You can recount to a genuine war story by the inquiries you pose. Someone recounts to a story, let’s state, and a short time later you ask, ‘Is it valid? ’ and if the appropriate response matters, you’ve got your answer† (79). Things being what they are, does it make a difference that O’Brien never truly slaughtered a man, that Bowker never relinquished the Silver Star decoration, and that Curt Lemon never stunt or-rewarded through a Vietnamese town during Halloween? After the irrefutable effect on perusers related with the human experience, war understanding, and quintessence of people caught inside these accounts, the response to that question ends up being a reverberating â€Å"no. One of the principle explanations behind separating between â€Å"story-truth† †which may not be valid, in actuality, however gives a certified look at the Vietnam experience †and â€Å"happening truth† †what truly happened †is that â€Å"happening truth† loans itself effectively to glorification of war. For instance, the tale of a man winning an award for remarkable dauntlessness in sparing his companion, or O’Brien’s case of a man giving up himself to spare his gathering from a landmine, both pass on a feeling of pride, respect, and valor related with having done battle and in any event, having kicked the bucket in Vietnam. Having been recounted to these accounts, discovering that they were bogus would come as a stun in light of the fact that accounts like these appear to promise society that albeit several youngsters lost their important lives or returned as changed men, it was all worth a fabulous differentiation at long last. Then again, O’Brien’s stories, having â€Å"story-truth,† hold their essentialness whether they have â€Å"happening-truth† or not. As O’Brien puts it, â€Å"A genuine war story is rarely good. It doesn't educate, nor support prudence, nor propose models of legitimate human conduct, nor control men from doing the things men have consistently done. On the off chance that a story appears to be good, don't trust it. On the off chance that toward the finish of a war story you feel elevated, or in the event that you feel that some little piece of integrity has been rescued from the bigger waste, at that point you have been made the casualty of an old and horrible lie†¦You can recount to a genuine war story by its total and solid devotion to profanity and evil† (65). This statement presents an instance of intrinsic incongruity where the manufactured stories †complete with the violence of tormenting a child water bison after a friend’s passing, the blame of having a man pass on under your supervision, the fear of looking a man you just slaughtered in the face, and the failure of getting back just to discover you’ll never fit back in †pass on significantly more truth than most expectedly â€Å"true† war stories, which clear the articulate severity of war under the floor covering. In this manner, just through O’Brien’s â€Å"story-truth† do we see that these youngsters didn't show up in Vietnam for respectable reasons. These men did battle inspired by a paranoid fear of disgracing their loved ones, these men gave their lives for a fight that didn't improve their background, and even neglected to bring about advancement for our country, and those men that got away with their lives were confronted with the weight of death every single day in that they would never get away from the recollections, would never genuinely impart the loathsomeness they experienced, and would never totally change once again into typical life. In spite of the fact that O’Brien didn't really execute a man or witness a portion of these occasions, the narratives leave no uncertainty in readers’ minds that comparable events happened in war and that the feelings passed on by the accounts honestly catch how they caused the men to feel †which was definitely not satisfied and regarded. In this manner, the exercises one can detract from these accounts makes â€Å"story-truth† significantly more important than most instances of â€Å"happening-truth† about the Vietnam War. While O’Brien’s stories leave perusers with the information on how human feelings are affected in a setting none of us can envision, they additionally fill another need that likewise stops to depend on truth: catching the pith of a particular person. We see this first on account of Curt Lemon, whose character is sustained all through the novel by the tales of his closest companion in Vietnam. O’Brian states that â€Å"To tune in to the story, particularly as Rat Kiley told it, you’d never realize that Curt Lemon was dead. He was still out there in obscurity, stripped and painted up, stunt or-rewarding, sliding from hootch to hootch in that insane white phantom cover. However, he was dead† (227). In spite of the fact that this tale about Lemon is exceptionally overstated, and the inquiry remains whether it is even obvious by any means, perusers can believe that what it uncovers about Lemon’s character †his suddenness and brave conduct †are in actuality exact, so it comes as no offense when it is uncovered that Kiley normally decorated the story. â€Å"Story-truth† gains its last purpose of significance when O’Brien portrays how he utilizes stories to safeguard his youth love, Linda. Linda’s character thinks about being dead to resembling a library book, safe on the extremely top rack where nobody has looked at it for a long, long time. Like Curt Lemon, Kiowa, Ted Lavender, and even the man Tim killed, Linda and all the recollections encompassing her would will in general vanish with time in the event that she were not lit up by O’Brien’s tale. O’Brien comments that now when he fuses Linda’s pith into his accounts, â€Å"She’s not the typified Linda; she’s for the most part made up, with another character and another name, similar to the man who never was. Her genuine name doesn’t matter† (232). In the case of â€Å"happening-true† or just â€Å"story-true,† Linda’s nearness cements that regardless of whether the characters in The Things They Carried have counterfeit names, bogus activities, or altogether imaginary personalities, they each deliver an extraordinary arrangement of qualities that land on â€Å"truth. † For example, regardless of whether Linda were not genuine, the manner in which she made Tim (and perusers) understand the most flawless type of adoration can't be denied, and regardless of whether the man Tim murdered had no story other than the one Tim created, the manner in which he speaks to men who never wished to battle, whose open doors are cut off in early life, will live on for eternity. In this, the pretended truth of â€Å"story-truth† makes legends; it reveals insight into relational connections and approves the lives of the individuals who no longer can do as such for themselves. As one advances through The Things They Carried, it turns out to be increasingly more obvious exactly how magnificently O’Brien has obscured the lines among truth and reality. Perusers start the book expecting it contains accounts of fiction. It isn't until the third section that one finds the storyteller is an essayist tormented by recollections of war, and accept the accounts to take on a component of truth. Before long, one sees that O’Brien the storyteller and O’Brien the creator are two altogether different personas, lastly, towards the finish of the novel, O’Brien uncovers that, quite a while prior I strolled through Quang Ngai area as an infantryman. Nearly everything else is invented† (171). Apparently, going through such good and bad times of truth and lie would be perceived as a kind of selling out to perusers. However, O’Brien’s system of war stories, inside the account of the Vietnam War, inside the bigger story of O’Brien’s real life serves to sabotage any failure concerning the realness of occasions. Perusers rapidly discover that the announcement â€Å"This is true† has twofold implications, and truth itself is re-imagined as any frequency loaning genuine understanding into war and how it influences individuals, regardless of whether it happened, didn't happen, or very

Children Rights for Education

In John Holts article, â€Å"Freedom for Children† he talks about how youngsters ought to have their own entitlement to choose how a lot, when, and what to learn. Holt states that by taking children†s option to learn, we are removing a crucial right from them. He additionally expresses that, to grown-ups, the option to choose what does and doesn't intrigue us is underestimated and that we are accidentally removing this privilege from youngsters. Holt likewise expresses that by sending youngsters to class six hours per day, 180 days per year, for around 10 years we are restricting them. Holt reasons that kids are done learning, yet rather are trained what grown-ups figure they should know. I for one can't help contradicting Holts on this issue. On the off chance that kids reserved the privilege to control their training, what might prevent them from going or learning things that could be harming to society? I feel the have a lot of rights all things considered. Kids today have numerous rights as of now in the field of training. In primary school, nobody compels them to quit learning. They can generally decide to facilitate their training, by perusing maybe. In secondary school, there are an assortment of classes an understudy can look over. Every one of these classes can be chosen to fit an individual understudy. Classes running from workmanship and dramatization as far as possible up to cutting edge arrangement material science are at the removal of the individuals who need to learn. Nobody powers youngsters to take these classes. Understudies take these classes willingly. Once in school, an understudy has the privilege to pick whatever significant they feel fit to be in. In the event that they don†t like that major, they can generally transform it. What might occur if understudies were permitted to come and go however they see fit? Very frequently, understudies could never go to class. They would manhandle their privilege and go through their days having a ton of fun. I have by and by observed companions leave school since they don†t need to be there. On the off chance that they didn†t must be there they would not have come in any case. There are sure things that understudies should know. Essential math and English aptitudes are required jus to get by in today†s society. On the off chance that these fundamental abilities are rarely learned, we hazard having an immature society loaded with uneducated individuals. Our reality would truly disintegrate on the grounds that we run the opportunity of individuals not knowing anything. Restricting what youngsters realize today isn't the manner in which we need to have them grow up. On the off chance that we did that, we would have them grow up with a characteristic inclination to realize what is unsafe or wrong to society. What we are attempting to do is manage them throughout everyday life so what they can settle on the correct choices throughout everyday life. Presenting them to what is directly on the planet will assist them with opening up to new chances and encounters. As should be obvious, we are not restricting on what an individual can realize, yet just shielding that individual from mishandling it. Such a large number of things can turn out badly if an individual were permitted to assume responsibility for their own instruction. Misuse and disregard are just a couple of conceivable outcomes. The manner in which training is currently was intended to be the best for those willing and in any event, reluctant to learn. Those willing can get the best instruction their psyche can give them. The reluctant get the nuts and bolts and don†t become a weight on society. Holts† thought of unhindered learning might be an optimistic one, however at long last there are an excessive number of imperfections and provisos. Instruction like that could be social orders destruction when our framework is incredibly effective at this point.

Snow(y) Day

Snow(y) Day Right now, Im sitting at home at my dining room table, with a big stack of applications before me. To my right, out the window, I see big, fluffy flakes of snow falling from the sky. I start to think that I could go for a hot cup of cocoa, but I realize we dont have any in the house; I happily settle for some oolong tea. As I think more about the cocoa, Im reminded of the Cocoa tradition of the Fourth East (a.k.a. Slugfest) hall in the East Campus dorm. According to the Slugfest wiki, Every school night (Sunday-Thursday), promptly at 11 pm, one can hear the cacophonic calls of Cocoa! Cocoa! echo through East Campus. Or at least we hope you all can hear us. The idea is for everyone to take a break from Tooling, to come out and join their fellow slugs for a hot mug of cocoa (bring your own mug and spoons, we provide the rest) for a few minutes. Come on, join us and our chocolatey goodness. You know you want to. This was my first time on the Slugfest wiki. I enjoyed reading about the plans to automate the heating of the Cocoa water every night. The cocoa pot will be controlled by a PIC that will also monitor temperature and water level and send data over the 4E Network. The server will calculate the heating time based on the water level and ensure that there is hot water for cocoa every school night. I also enjoyed reading about the invited guests at the Special Cocoa Events, who have included Richard Stallman and software developers from Harmonix (makers of Guitar Hero and Rock Band). But thats enough on cocoa for know; back to the blog entry and my oolong. Some of you called me out on my last entry, when I wrote: It would be hard for me to choose which to attend, if I didnt have to be working on applications right now! Yes, have to be working on applications does sound a little bit like Im complaining, but nothing could be further from the truth. It really is a joy and a privilege to read applications for MIT. One word I would use to describe application reading is inspirational. I find myself continually inspired by all that you have already accomplished, and by all that you aspire to do as your lives progress. For all of the problems that exist in American and global education, reading your applications makes me extremely optimistic about the state of our schools. And for all of the problems that exist in this world, reading your applications makes me extremely optimistic about the future of our planet. As I write this, the entire dedicated team of MIT Admissions Officers is busily reading and evaluating early action applications. Im know all of my colleagues are as inspired by your applications as I am. Regardless of how your admissions process turns out, I know you will have a successful future and make everyone proud. Finally, since today is a snowy day, I wanted to leave you with some of my favorite MIT snow photos from the blog: Snow frisbee in Killian Court, via The Tech. MIT President Susan Hockfield, her daughter Elizabeth, and their golden retriever, Casey, playing in the snow during selection, 2005. Post Tagged #East Campus

Job, Known As J.b. - 1271 Words

Job, known as J.B., in Archibald MacLeish’s J.B. is first introduced to the reader as a successful businessman, who, like Job in the Book of Job, is upright, fears God, and shuns evil. However, unlike the careful, and at times paranoid, Job of the Book of Job, J.B. seems confident in God’s love and grace. In fact, J.B. preaches to his wife about his faith in God’s blessings, saying, â€Å"Never since I learned to tell my shadow from my shirt, not once, not for a watch-tick, have I doubted God was on my side, was good to me.† (J.B., p. 35, pp. 3) J.B.’s faith in God’s justice and grace is put to the test when his children are killed in increasingly tragic ways; unlike Job’s suffering in the Book of Job, J.B.’s suffering is drawn out. J.B. loses†¦show more content†¦He puts all of his trust in God, and determines that he must have done something to deserve his suffering, but cannot find his fault. J.B. serves as a more pe rsonal example of what a faithful follower of God may be feeling when struck with misfortune. J.B., like Job in the Book of Job, does not know why he is suffering; however, unlike Job, J.B. does not blame God and call him unjust. Instead J.B. seeks his own faults, hoping to understand why he was made to suffer. The Tree of Life is an abstract adaptation of the Book of Job, featuring a young boy named Jack O’Brien who experiences a series of grave events that rock his understanding of life. Jack can be understood to represent Job in the Tree of Life due to his significant struggle with the loss of his brother, and his attempt to understand why people suffered. Some significant differences in Jack and Job are that, unlike Job, Jack is not perfectly innocent, nor is he an upright, God fearing man. Instead, Jack holds only the semi-innocence of a child. Like Job, Jack contends with undeserved suffering; however, Jack explores the suffering of others, such as the drowning of a child, rather than his own. Jack learns through watching both his mother and father suffer that the good suffer along with the wicked. Jack’s father insisted that one had to be ruthless, selfish, and tricky in order to get ahead in life,

The Problem Of Child Poverty Is Much Bigger Than It Seems.The

The problem of child poverty is much bigger than it seems. The impact increases over time because these children have their own children who are likely to get stuck in a cycle of poverty and dependency. Poverty affects many aspects of a child’s life including their self-esteem, education, happiness, and their general mindset on the rest of their life. Reading on this issue opens doors to the real-life problems that America faces and attempts to fix. Poverty is linked to many negative outcomes for children. Research shows that over 20% of children under the age of 18 are ofï ¬ cially â€Å"poor†. This means they live in households with incomes below the federal poverty line. Also, another 20% of children are â€Å"near poor†. These statistics are†¦show more content†¦This is important to know because it isn’t a major focus in child poverty but it happens to be the most fragile and important for a kid to grow up successful. â€Å"Low-income stu dents are four and a half times more likely to drop out of high school, and even those who are academically proficient are far less likely to complete college. The gap in SAT scores between wealthy and poor students has grown by 42% in the last two decades. And financial stability has become less attainable even for college graduates, with only one-third of adults under 35 forming independent households.†, says Eric Jenson, a man who wrote the book Teach poverty in mind. In this book, it helps you understand that education is the key to escaping poverty, as poverty remains the biggest obstacle to education. Even though students of poverty have a harder time learning materials they aren’t broken or illiterate they just need a bit more attention a regular student a once a teacher can create that bond with the student they can help that child defeat that obstacle in education. Elder was one of the first researchers to link parents economic hardship to children s psychiat ric problems. In one study, Elder retrospectively studied 167 California children born in 1920-1921 who lived in Oakland during the depression years of the 1930s. Using the data archive of the Oakland Growth Study, Elder found a positive association between economic hardship and neglectful

Native Americans in the United States and Patrick Free Essays

Since I vlslted Jamestown In 1957, my country has become a much more diverse society just as the Commonwealth of Virginia and the whole of the united States of America have also undergone a major social change. Buchanan mentions how dfferent not only Jamestown was 400 years ago but also how different her cltlzens were. For example, the citizens massacred Native Americans and enslaved Africans. We will write a custom essay sample on Native Americans in the United States and Patrick or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jamestown was not yet built around the ideas of democracy and equality. The American Revolution was another key example; it was fought for freedom and distance from Britain and not for equality. The only persons of power at the time were rich white men. Buchanan makes the point that America 400 years ago was not based around democracy, equality and diversity, so why should we value that in the present? In 1957 the Queen visited Jamestown, Virginia. The changes noted by the Queen were extreme. â€Å"Virginia has indeed become a radically changed society. No longer does Richmond proudly call herself the Capital of the Confederacy. Lee-Jackson Day is out. Marun Luther King Day Is In. The confederate flag flies nowhere. † This demonstrates how much can change in 350 years. Buchanan believes that 2007 Virginia is ashamed of 1957 Virginia, and the state should be proud of who she was in 1607. America In 1607 was did not celebrate diversity or multicultural beliefs, so why should they now? Buchanan describes early American settlers as having an â€Å"us-or-them† sentiment. For example, the early settlers thought that their Christian faith made them superior beings and those who opposed them were inferior. Another point that Buchanan makes Is when other culture such as Native American. African, or Spanish cultures were introduced to Americans they were not only rejected, but fought against in a violent manner. In 2007 Vlrglnla culture and diversity Is not only welcomed, but celebrated. Buchanan believes that this is not what the Founding Fathers of America had in mind during the creation of our country. In his concluding thoughts, Buchanan remarks that America Is a changing nation specially in the areas of diversity, democracy and equality. No longer is religion taught In schools, and with It dies the beliefs that founded this nation. ton Native Americans in the United States and Patrick J. Buchanan By Scaldare In the introduction, Patrick J. Buchanan notes that Queen Elizabeth II went to the Jamestown since its founding. He quotes the Queen, â€Å"Since I visited Jamestown in 1957, my country has become a much more diverse society Just as the Commonwealth of Virginia and the whole of the United States of America have also Buchanan mentions how different not only Jamestown was 400 years ago but also ow different her citizens were. For example, the citizens massacred Native were extreme. Virginia has indeed become a radically changed society. No longer out. Martin Luther King Day is in. The Confederate flag flies nowhere. † This 1607. America in 1607 was did not celebrate diversity or multicultural beliefs, so why makes is when other culture such as Native American, African, or Spanish cultures violent manner. In 2007 Virginia culture and diversity is not only welcomed, but In his concluding thoughts, Buchanan remarks that America is a changing nation taught in schools, and with it dies the beliefs that founded this nation. How to cite Native Americans in the United States and Patrick, Papers

Changes In The Australian Car Manufacturing Industry - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Changes In The Australian Car Manufacturing Industry. Answer: Australia is one country that is capable of designing cars from scratch and also manufacturing big volumes. The series of cars are also important in Australian automotive company and generally the economy of Australia. The industry can be subdivided into two parts: the production phase and the manufacturing phase. Both of these phases are important in the overall performance of the AAMI. The manufacturing sector refers to the conditions of the market in which the manufacturing business compete, through the production of vehicles and related goods with an aim of the maximization of profits. The sales sector implicates the conditions of the market under which the sales business people do compete and has the same business objectives as the manufacturing sector. One market structure can be described in the manufacturing sector as far as AAMI is concerned, this is the oligopoly. There two organizations that have been producing cars and these are Ford and Holden, the methods of competition and the strategies are based between two organizations (Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). The most important characteristic of the oligopoly that should be stated here is that the prices are in most cases sticky, meaning that they are capable of changing less frequently more than in any other market structure. Secondly, the prices do change frequently. The latter makes the firms change their prices concurrently. This boosts up the competition between markets.in our discussion; it is very important to distinct between the sectors within the AAMI for the purposes of developing economic models, one for each AAMI sector (Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). Research shows that the AAMI experienced a 20% turnover in the 3500 workforce it faces. The company is growing at a compound annual rate of 18% since it is recruiting 1000 people per year. The price size has spurred a land grab in the sector of recruitment (Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). Notwithstanding the responsibility games from the previous week, the conspiracy theory does not exist and there is no one reason. Given that it was a little bit simpler, that could have saved the company. The AAMI manufacturing sector had shrunk to a point that each company was relying on the other for survival. Factories are in dire need of the frugalities of gauge at the best times but not only the worst of the times when they have to compete with the cheap imported products (Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). The locally made cars in Australia were in decline.30 % of them had to make a dozen Holden Cruse which were locally sourced while the Commodore was only 50% Australian at the long run. The Toyota had an appearance from japan was 70% Australian and the this applied to Ford Falcon too. Given that the cars had to survive beyond the current models, they had to rely on the imported parts for their survival because this would keep the costs down (Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). It means that redeeming the car will not make to save the other parts of this manufacturing, which was contrary to the if you save us, we save them used by the Holden when engaging its argument for a continued aid from the government. Ford and Toyota were always in the forefront of the headlines but some hundreds of smaller manufacturers were feeling just the same pain or even more. The latter led to the fall of Domino in last year-Ford-collapse of the remaining two manufacturers, Toyota and Holden and then the rest of the industry was not evitable(Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). However, the two Factories and the large number of spare part suppliers will struggle to go full distance of the proposed dates of shutting down since the locally made sales began to tank up. Although the cars made between now and the shut down time will have a backup warranty of three years and parts up service for ten years, the customers have a high feeling of being insecure thinking that they will be left in the lurch. The commentary predicts that by the end of the year 2017 the company will be shut although the companies are maintaining that they are staying in the market for life. The reality is that as soon as all these factories shut down, the Toyota, Holden and Ford will then start making massive profits (Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). All the three firms have made a combined loss of more than $ 1.5 billion on their local manufacturing operations in the last ten years despite the double receipts that they received in the funding from the taxpayers over the same period (Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). Who to blame The government that created low import tariffs and also went ahead to sign in free trade agreements that allowed the cheap foreign cars a larger market size (Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014).Many factors apart from the one mentioned above contributed to the demise of the AAMI along with the purchasing public and machinists of the navies who were responsible for swapping partisanship for a larger option of more desirable, reasonable and more appropriate imported cars. The consecutive administrations from the duo of government made an economic environ that Australia is in: a country that is characterized of high earnings, low importation tariffs and also a very robust currency. The above mentioned factors makes it almost impossible to import cars particularly when you are surrounded by Asian countries that in most cases do not necessarily need the Australian made cars since they are making vehicles for just one third of the labor cost. Given that Australia sells her cars to the huge marketplaces and in areas like USA, ignoring the rates of exchange which are not favorable, the overcapacity of too many car factories would just be neutralized to the normal level and the customers would be there for the purchases (Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). The industries have been noted to be struggling under some inefficient scale and also stiff competition from competitors elsewhere. The commonwealth department of industry reported that the vehicle industry of Australia has brought back a trading profit since the year 2003 and between that time and 2012; it incurred losses of about $ 4.37 billion (Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). The mass of the labor market in Australia that is meant to absorb this complete shutdown will make an influence to the labor market, an extent which will go on to softening. Reports from media show that ford and Holden employ an approximate of 8000 workers in the vehicle assembly. Their combined closure though massive will not be like an historical retrenchment in the history of Australia. The distinction in the Australian history came from the Anset airlines which retrenched about 16000 employees in the year 2001 and unlike any other vehicle plant closure shut down without giving any prior warning(Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). There would however be some flow on impacts into the automotive manufacturing component. The manufacturing employment of Australia estimated total motor vehicle parts of about 40,000 in 2013 which showed an increase from 37,000.the primary concerns the risk of the localized unemployment and flexibility of workers to look and acquire alternative forms of employment. The car industry is said to be one of the biggest in Victoria and SA. If the closure thing will take place in the next few months, there would still be time for some adjustment; thou not all for the labor markets which are localized ((Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). The Ansett suggests that about 75% of the employees who were affected had secured some other jobs in some other give n places although the secured jobs were of a relatively lower quality. The inter-industry mobility during this time appeared to be much retrenched since most of the Anset workers were re-employed within the aviation company (Singh, Smith Sohal, 2014). In the near future, the uncertainty on the jobs market in the car industry can also be expected to reduce the confidence of the willingness of the consumers to spend. The latter will definitely occur in the environment where we are expecting the unemployment to continue rising. Attempts aimed at modelling the effects of the announcement that concerned the closure of the industry are complicated by the long term leads moments which are envisaged(Humphrey Memedovic, 2013). Apart from the direct effects that will be felt by the direct and indirect suppliers of these companies, research shows that a significant impact in output and many jobs will be lost in both the downstream and the upstream industries. A good example of the sector that will be mostly affected is the is the professional and scientific technical service ministry which is said to have employed about 8.5% of the total workforce and which is a representative of about 1.5 million people. There are reasons as to why the Australian car industry will be closed.one of the reasons is that the market in Australia is very small and the company is not able to exploit the economies of scale. For them to remain solvent, they have no alternative but foreign inputs which are relatively cheaper (these include both labor and the parts).the domestic market situations in Australia in the recent times have become more tenable having: lower import tariffs and signing of the free trade agreements, relatively higher pay and conducive working environments which are demanded by the unions and the increased value of the Australian dollar (Humphrey Memedovic, 2013). The closure of the motor vehicle industry will adversely affect the productivity of the professional scientific and technical services company. The company provides services to the scientific researches, administration, engineering, the systems of computer designs, commerce, law, advertising, management and other consultancies, veterinary science and professional photography (Humphrey Memedovic, 2013). Depending on the range of the linkages, the number of job losses across the whole car industry differs across the companies. Giving assumption to the entire car company, the table below shows the approximate number of jobs which are lost in some ten of the most hit sectors. Most of these workers have already established jobs in some other industries which are in a way related. The above table represents the industries which have a high probability of being affected by the R and D vacuum which will be created by the absence of the motor vehicle industry. Recent studies have shown that car manufacturers give technical support, skills which are transferable and also training the employees and also the small part suppliers. There is so much spillover of skills from this industry to other industries (Humphrey Memedovic, 2013). The spillovers aid the automotive ministry in the equipment handling capability. Research shows that the closure of the motor vehicle industry could by a very large extent disturb the PSTS Company through the creation of a vacuum in upstream and also downstream companies. Same outcomes were evident in the years of 1998 and 2012, bringing up a suggestion that the R D manufacturing companies including the motor vehicle industry play out a vital role in the of diffusing technology. The findings are consistent with the finding that RD is a linchpin of the automotive sector of Australia and that there exists some numerous spillages in the automotive sector in the other Australian industries (Humphrey Memedovic, 2013). The AAMI of Australia gets much aid from the government through aiding the workers and also the supply chains through its period of transition. The government of Australia has invested $ 101 million into the lump sum $ 155 million fund for growth aimed at ensuring the employees in South Australia and Victoria are receiving the support that they need. The workers are said to be reskilled, the supply firms are also diversified and that new areas are being adjusted into the area of economy (Humphrey Memedovic, 2013). With an aim of supporting the employees, the government has set aside $ 15 million to extent the Automotive Industry program of the structural adjustment which is by a large extent helping employees and also the automotive workers to find alternative jobs. The Australian government has contributed $ 20 million to aid the supply chain. The funding has gone to the Automotive Diversification program and the $ 90 million next generation program of investment. The program of the automotive industry is aiding the supply chain of the automotive to enter the new markets. The latter has produced some $ 52 million in the private ministry management (Humphrey Memedovic, 2013). The next generation diversification package is aiding supply chain industries in high value manufacturing sectors in both Victoria and South Australia.it has generated about $ 283 million in investment. The elements of growth fund are working out now, helping the automotive employees and the chains of supply now having money moving out of the door and aimed at creating job positions. The above elements of development fund are functioning now and they are helping the employees and the supply chains too (Humphrey Memedovic, 2013). The trades in the effected regions have received assistance from the commonwealth through the $ 29.5 million Geelong Regional Innovation and also the investment Fund and $ 24.4 million Melbourne North Innovation and Asset account that gives support to the innovative, creation of job projects that are able to give strength and diversity in these regions (Humphrey Memedovic, 2013). The budget of the financial year 2014/15 reproduce the decision of the government to give a termination of the ATS on the 1st of January 2018, following the line of the production timing coming to an end.an approximate of about $ 1.0 billion asset over the five years from the financial year 2013/14 remains available under the schemes with an aim of supporting vehicle manufacturers and also the supply chain firms. Termination of the ATS will lead to the saving $ 618.5 million over some eight years from the year 2013.the state will also save some $ 15.0 million over the four years from the years 2014-2015(Humphrey Memedovic,2013). The government announced a growth fund with an aim of supporting some new jobs, investment in the economy and general economic growth in South Australia and Victoria in in response to the response to the planned closure of the production of the facilities for vehicles. The finance department from the government has provided $ 100.6 million funding which is meant for this initiative, having the remainder of the growth fund which is $ 155 million to be given by the South Australian and the government of Victoria, Holden and Toyota (Humphrey Memedovic, 2013). Conclusion From the general point of view, it is evident that both Holden and Ford will in the next few days run out of the market. The latter will be caused by the fact that there exists small market in the Australian region. If the Australian Automotive manufacturing industry was to prosper and survive in the market, they need to move far to the global economy and in places like North and South America. Australia is between the countries that also produce their own vehicles hence it does not enjoy the economies of scale and hence it is advisable for it to either close down or look for markets in the foreign countries and come up with strategies that will make it sell. References Humphrey, J., and Memedovic, O. (2013). The universal mechanized industry worth chain: What prospects for updating by creating nations. Singh, P. J., Smith, An., and Sohal*, A. S. (2014). Strategic production network administration matters in the motorized fabricating: an Australian perspective. Global journal of Production Research, 41(56), 5325-5369.

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Free Essays on Tuesdays With Morrie

would have on the rest of the world. Mitch is also unique that he had the great privilege to be able to help him do that. There were unique strengths to this book that both the author and the subject brought to it. Morrie brought the personality and wisdom to the story. Mitch brought the technical strengths with his eagerness for information and his writing experience. I think the biggest strength is that Mitch recorded all of his conversations with Morrie. Though he sometimes questioned whether ... Free Essays on Tuesday's With Morrie Free Essays on Tuesday's With Morrie â€Å"A meaningfull life, not the meaning of life†. That is what Morrie Schwartz teaches Mitch in the book Tuesday’s with Morrie written by Mitch Albom. Morrie shows Mitch a meaningful life through: loving others, taking things for granted, and showing that it is ok to cry. That is what Morrie teaches Mitch. The importance of love is shown by Morrie towards Mitch. When Morrie does the Ted Coppell interview and Mitch sees him and decides he should go see him. Mitch shows love when he comes back every Tuesday. An example is when Morrie says, â€Å"Hey Mitch, your coming back next Tuesday right?† and out of love Mitch says, â€Å"Yes of course.† Mitch learns that he is taking things for granted, most of his entire girlfriend, Janine. She wants to get married and he thinks he can just ignore that. She tells him she is not waiting around for him. He also takes gist friends for granted because of Morrie dieing Mitch decides he should go see him. He decides t hat there are times when friends com! e before work. Through out the whole book Morrie keeps telling Mitch that crying is ok and good for a person. Morrie says his goal is to got Mitch to cry. The effect is when Mitch starts to rub lotion on Morris’s feet and he starts to cry and at that time Morrie knows he has reached him. So all in all Mitch learns that the meaning of life through a dieing person. Which I believe is the hardest way. In the end he learns to love others or perish.... Free Essays on Tuesday's With Morrie The much acclaimed novel Tuesdays with Morrie, by Mitch Albom, is a timeless story of the last tale of an American life. This is an honest and provoking documentary of a great teacher’s last thoughts as he confronts his mortality via a terminal illness. Audiences are starving for this straight forward message of what it is like to die with a respectable insight as to what the purpose of life is – this has been proven true by the great reception of this book. Mitch Albom has done a great service to share his very personal and rare, but universally appreciated, research with the rest of the world. Morrie Schwartz was a very influential teacher in Mitch Albom’s life all through his college years. After almost two decades of lost touch between the two, Mitch learns that his mentor and friend is dying of Lou Gehrig’s disease. Mitch reestablishes his weekly meetings with Morrie and is forced to reassess his values and lifestyle as he helps his old professor document his last thesis about his view of life and death. The purpose of this book is very simple, but the contemplation that it stirs is intense and complex. Rarely does such an insightful and articulate person have the opportunity to share their insights and experiences as they die. Morrie, though extremely humble, knows that the rest of the world needs to hear his message and he understands his uniqueness. I think that he was aware of the impact that his words would have on the rest of the world. Mitch is also unique that he had the great privilege to be able to help him do that. There were unique strengths to this book that both the author and the subject brought to it. Morrie brought the personality and wisdom to the story. Mitch brought the technical strengths with his eagerness for information and his writing experience. I think the biggest strength is that Mitch recorded all of his conversations with Morrie. Though he sometimes questioned whether ... Free Essays on Tuesday's With Morrie Tuesdays with Morrie Summary This book is an intriguing description of an old mans battle with death. More specifically that man is suffering from Lou Gehrig’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); a disease that affects the neurological system. There is no cure for this disease, and the only good that can come out of having it is the chance to say goodbye. The chance to educate people on the meaning of life and the chance to give back what so many have given you. I think Morrie does exactly that, in this novel and in life. In this novel there are two people that are at the base of the story and several supporting people for both Morrie and Mitch. Mitch is a former student of Morrie’s who has come back to bid his professor and his good friend goodbye. While doing this, Morrie and Mitch both agree to do a final thesis on Morrie’s death. They meet on Tuesdays and discuss several different topics about life. Mitch films these sessions in hopes of being abl e to watch the! m after Morrie’s passing, and to help him in writing this thesis. As Morrie gets into the final stages of his illness he can no longer do anything except talk, and even that is quickly passing away. Morrie said that he knew it would be bad when he could no longer wipe his ass. But when that time came he said he actually enjoyed it, that it was like being a baby again. Morrie demonstrates tremendous caring in this book; trying to help people until the very end. He even goes as far as to say that if he could have another son he wishes that it could be Mitch. The final session ends with Morrie telling Mitch he loves him and Mitch doing the same and they both start to cry; something Mitch said he would never do. Morrie spends his final days with his nuclear family and dies alone in his bed, almost like he had planned it that way. This is probably one of the best books I’ve ever read. The lessons you learn just by reading the book are tremendous. Morrie is ... Free Essays on Tuesday's With Morrie There are lessons to learn from life, and all too many people are willing to offer advice, and lessons for life. These â€Å"lessons† are a rather jejune list of items designed to avoid grief, and to find a path to the good life. Who is there to offer sage advice and lessons from lives that assist us in working through grief, and the loss of a loved one? Death is a major problem that everyone faces in life. Tuesdays With Morrie, by Mitch Albom, teaches many lessons from life, learned from the problems we find in our lives. Morrie Schwartz, retired professor of sociology at Brandeis University, is one to give us just such a prospectus of lessons. His curriculum is in the style of dialogue, not so different than the Socratic dialogues of former time. Schwartz was diagnosed with a terminal illness, and began the process of dying by learning more about his life, and his perspective on the vagaries of life. Morrie utilized the dialogue method as a result of the happenstance of being visited by a former student of his. After watching an episode of Nightline, hosted by Ted Koppel, Mitch Albom, learned of Morrie Schwartz’ plight. Mitch was a sociology major and Brandeis student in the late 1970’s, who had become a nationally known sportswriter. Once he realized the enormity of his old teacher’s illness, Mitch was willing to slow down his high-tension writing career to get back in touch with the man he was so attached to in college. This is how Albom came to renew his friendship with his old professor, and began seeing Morrie on Tuesdays. They reflected on the process of dying, and living with dying. â€Å"†¦The truth is, Mitch, he said, once you learn how to die, you learn how to live†¦ But everyone knows someone who has died. Why is it so hard to think about dying? Because, Morrie continued, most of us walk around as if we’re sleepwalking†¦when you realize you are going to die, you see everything much differently†¦Ã¯ ¿ ½...

Detrimental Effects of Medicating Children and Alternative Ways to Essay

Detrimental Effects of Medicating Children and Alternative Ways to Treat Behavioral Problems - Essay Example Ritalin is the number one prescription drug for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This drug has such tremendous potential for abuse that it is classified as a controlled substance by the Drug Enforcement Agency. Ritalin is an amphetamine (in street jargon, "speed") with a lengthy list of side effects, including nervousness, insomnia, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dizziness, palpitations, headaches, irregular heart rhythms, and psychic dependence - in short, addiction. In fact, Ritalin's appeal to drug users and its potential for abuse are so high that US House Judiciary Chair Henry Hyde (R-IL) recently filed a request with the General Accounting Office (GAO) to conduct an investigation of Ritalin abuse in public schools. In addition, class action lawsuits have been filed in Texas, California and New Jersey charging Swiss pharmaceutical giant Novartis, maker of Ritalin, with conspiracy to create the psychiatric disorder known as ADHD in order to fuel the market for their product. The latest version of methylphenidate is an extended-released tablet that will be the most expensive prescription drug on the ADHD market. ... Though promoters of the drug say it will help eliminate the embarrassment experienced by children who have to take medication at school, the drug will do nothing to eliminate the dangers of methylphenidate. In clinical studies, side effects of Concerta were virtually identical to those of Ritalin. There are natural alternatives to both Ritalin and Concerta, but you're not likely to hear about them from most conventional doctors. And if the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has its way, you won't be able to find these products in health food stores, either. Protecting Patients or Pharmaceutical Companies Late last year, the FTC charged Natural Organics, a company that markets a natural alternative to Ritalin called Pedi-Active ADD, with making unsubstantiated claims - despite the fact that Natural Organics has submitted some 200 studies, including 18 double-blind studies, in support of its claims. According to Natural Organics CEO Gerald Kessler, the FTC has failed to produce a single study supporting its allegations. Kessler questions the FTC's motives, and I agree - it's not consumers the FTC is trying to protect, it's the profit-hungry pharmaceutical companies and their stockholders. Pedi-Active ADD is used at the Whitaker Wellness Institute and have had great success with this formulation, a combination of naturally occurring compounds that support neural function. Dimethyl-aminoethanol (DMAE), a natural compound found in anchovies and sardines, was actually used for children with ADD in the pre-Ritalin days. DMAE stimulates the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that is crucial for learning and memory, and enhances

Heightening Market Competition at Oregon Company Case Study

Heightening Market Competition at Oregon Company - Case Study Example Oregon Company, established in 2000, is in financial crisis and needs an urgent strategic decision from the management. The company is sinking deep in the pit of financial anguish facing the economy and its clients are struggling for their survival. The new CEO, Doug Graves is focused on restoring the Company’s glory days by focusing on the marketing strategies of the firm and expanding its scope of operation by bringing in new income generators. However, differing opinions in the company’s management board concerning what strategies should be adopted present a challenging situation in choosing the best path for the company’s recovery and survival in the future. In the case, the company has a business model that focuses on establishing the long-term relationship with its clients. The company’s customer retention rate is over 93 percent, which is a perfect platform for revenue generation. The higher the rate of customer retention for a company, the higher w ill be the market share and hence the rate of revenue generation (Samanta & IGI Global, 2014; Williams & Curtis, 2008). Unlike its competitors, Oregon Company markets website products to client association, ensuring bulk purchase, thus lower cost of purchasing for customers, $5,000 against competitors’ $20,000 to $100, 000 purchase prices. This boosts the buying power of its clients, assuming competitors do not engage in price wars. Site design assistance to clients also positions the company above its competitors. The company also has an edge over its competitors in identifying clients associations and thus easy market targeting. However, it takes a long time to generate a new website for clients despite the fact that most activities are mechanized. This, in turn, affects customer service efficiency (Verma, 2012).

Sustainable Dive Tourism in the Red Sea

Sustainable Dive Tourism in the Red Sea Abstract Research has shown that the marine and coral habitats within the Red Sea are being subjected to levels of damage from the effects of diving activities in the areas that cannot be sustained in the long term. With this area of tourism set to increase dramatically within the next decade, there is an urgent need for the industry stakeholders and environment organisations to work together to develop and implement sustainable diving tourism policies that will allow the marine eco-system to recover, or at least halt the current pace of degradation. The research findings from this study show that there is a general willingness on the part of the diving consumer to accept the need for such protection policies. At present, this is not a position that is shared by all of the industry shareholders. This study highlights the fact that there is an urgent need for dive tourism stakeholders, irrespective of this individual goal, to work together in partnership in order to develop systems and policies that will preserve and protect the fascinating marine and coral life that exists beneath the Red Sea for the enjoyment of future generations. Table of Contents (Jump to) Abstract Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Aims and Objectives 1.3 Overview Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Marine tourism environmental issue 2.3 Marine environment protection 2.4 Sustainable diving tourism 2.5 The Red Sea and diving tourism 2.6 Summary Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Choice of research method 3.3 The questionnaires and interviews 3.4 Performance of the research Chapter 4 Research Findings 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Response to corporate questionnaire 4.3 Response to dive club questionnaire Chapter 5 Analysis and discussion of findings 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Research findings 5.3 Discussion Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction As most academics acknowledge, including Brown (2000), Ryan and Page (2000) and Mowforth and Munt (2003), since the liberalisation of transport in the middle part of the last century, tourism has become the world’s fastest growing and largest industry. This is evidenced by the fact that over the past two and a half decades international tourist arrivals have grown by nearly threefold (Weaver 2005, p.2) and by 2020 this figure is expected to exceed 1.6 billion. As El-Adli and Bashandy (2003) rightly observe, globalisation and technological advances, which allowed international travel to become accessible to the masses, has been partially responsible for fuelling this growth pattern. Initially, this expansion of tourism took the form of mass excursions, such as package tours with travellers flocking to the areas of beach, sea and sun, usually for a two week summer vacation. However, more recently an increasing number of tourists have become more discerning. Encouraged by media attention on exotic locations, the mass tourist sector has given way to the traveller seeking a new and more fulfilling experience, wanting to explore natural habitats that are foreign to their domestic experiences. As a result, due to the uniqueness of their climate and geographical position, the world’s developing countries have become the focus for those travellers who want to experience firsthand the wonders of nature and its exotic species of fauna and wildlife (Mowforth and Munt (2003, p.1). One area of nature that has particularly attracted the attention of this new breed of tourist is the growing interest in experiencing the beauty of marine life in its natural setting. This has led to an explosion of diving tourism throughout many areas of the world, particularly the marine reef regions off the coasts of countries like Australia, the Caribbean and the Middle East, which boast some of the worlds most unusual and exotic species of underwater plants, fishes and marine life. For many thousands of people, diving in exotic locations throughout the world is a tourism experience that cannot be equalled by any other water sport or leisure activity, hence its increasing popularity. Perhaps understandably, considering the recent increase in concerns about the damage that human activity is causing to the planet and its natural environment, it was not surprising that the explosion of marine tourism attracted the attention of environmentalists, concerned about whether the natural environment could survive the impact of this growth. This has led to a plethora of research studies during the past two decades seeking to assess the level of damage marine tourism is causing to the inhabitants of these natural environments. The consensus is that the present growth rate poses a real threat to marine life and that measures need to be adopted within the tourist industry that will reduce and reverse these risks (Weaver 2005). In other words diving tourism must move to adopt and implement a more sustainable policy. In defining what is meant by sustainable tourism, McKercher (quoted in Ryan and Page 2000, p.157) provided the following explanation: â€Å"Sustainable tourism is defined as when tourism is sustainable, the natural and cultural resources and the environmental, social and economic well-being of an area are maintained forever.† However, with the international tourism industry having effectively been given a â€Å"free reign to develop throughout the world† (El-Adli and Bashandy 2003, p.1), the difficulties being faced is how to resolve the conflicting demands of all the stakeholders within the marine destinations in order to reach agreement upon policies that will address the conflicts of over-use and environmental damage. As some academics remark, there are those who argue that the term sustainable cannot be applied to an industry that is seeing almost unparalleled growth and which, by its very nature, demands environmental damage as infrastructure is created to house these tourists (Wahab and Pigrim 1997, p.2). Others believe that it is imperative that new sustainable tourism products are designed to limit the environment damage being caused to marine destinations (Buhalis and Costa 2006, p.4). However, as these authors admit (ibid, p.230), the problem is how to resolve the dichotomy of creating pr oducts that meet tourists goals and ensure sustainable growth. It is the issue of balancing the needs of the marine environment with those of the tourism industry, particularly as it relates to diving, that has prompted this research study. To provide a focus for this research it is intended to use the Red Sea area of the Middle East as a case study. The reason for this choice can be found in Sarha et al’s (2004, p.1) overview of the area, which can be summarised as follows: The Red Sea is one of the most important repositories It has attracted a significant increase in tourist activity, particularly diving Tourism accounts for 10% of Egypt’s GDP and 4% of employment 1.2 Aims and Objectives With the concentration of this research being related to the Red Sea, the aim of the study is to identify the level of damage being caused to the marine environment within this destination and to evaluate the current level of sustainable measure that are being introduced to address these issues. From this evaluation the research will provide an assessment of the effectiveness of sustainable diving tourism in the region. To assist in focusing upon and achieving the aims outlined above, the following objectives have been set for the research being conducted: Marine environment To provide an overview of the marine environment, which will include an examination of the types and causes of the damage that is being done to this environment and the programmes designed to address this problem. Diving Tourism To provide a greater understanding of the attractions and component factors related to diving tourism, specifically its relationship to exotic locations. This will include an overview of the current standards that are applicable within this sector of the tourism industry Sustainable tourism for the diving industry To assess and evaluate the current sustainable programmes that are being recommended and introduced into diving tourism. The assessment will consider measures being considered by all stakeholders, including the diving industry, tour operators, destination managers and the international community. In all of the above objectives particularly attention will be paid to their relationship to the Red Sea marine environment in the Middle East. 1.3 Overview In chapter two a critical literature is undertaken, which is intended to focus upon the main issues that arise from the aims and objectives of the research question, namely the environmental impact of marine and coastal tourism. This review will also focus upon the contribution that diving has upon this situation and an examination of the diving tourism in the Red Sea area together with an overview of some of the actions that are being taken to address this problem. Chapter three provides an overview of the methodology used for this research, which includes and explanation of the reasons for this choice and the process by which secondary and primary data was collected, analysed and evaluated. Following on from the methodology outline, the findings from the analysis of both the secondary and primary researches are presented in chapter four and these are discussed in detail in the following chapter (5). The research is then brought to a conclusion in chapter six, where appropriate obse rvations and recommendations are made. Attached to the main body of this research is a bibliography of the resources relied upon for the study together with appendices containing other information that is considered of value. This includes copies of the primary questionnaires and interview transcripts. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction As previously mentioned, sustaining the natural habit of the marine environment in the face of its increasing attractiveness to tourists, particularly divers, has become a contentious issue. There are many stakeholders to consider when looking at the process of sustainable tourism and, achieving a balance between financial reliance and environmental protection, especially if the resort has no prior knowledge in dealing with these issues, has proved to be fraught with difficulty (Weaver 2005, p. 26 and 61). This critical literature review is intended to consider the currently published arguments and discussions that address these various issues and provide a deeper understanding of the problems that need to be resolved with all the wide variety of stakeholders. 2.2 Marine tourism environmental issue The marine environment forms an important part of the world’s eco-systems. It not only provides a source of food and other natural resources for some of the world’s population, but also is in itself a living environment that is home to wide range of underwater plants and living creatures. Each of these relies upon the other for their continued life (Cote and Reynolds 2006, Carleton Ray and McCormick-Ray 2004 and Roberts 2007). Furthermore, it also influences the CO2 levels within the atmosphere. The bio-diversity that exists beneath the oceans can therefore be seen to be important to the natural balance of the planet and any issue or activity that upsets this balance is likely to have serious consequences to the long-term health of the world and its population. Of particular importance to this research is the area of the marine environment that includes the coral reef eco-system, as this is the area that attracts the highest level of tourist involvement, attracting millions of visitors each year. As can be seen in from table Table 2 included in appendix 1, there are a number of coral reefs world wide, covering a total area of just under 285,000 km2. The eco-system of the coral reef is unique in the diverse level of services these regions perform within the biodiversity systems and the range of products it contains (see table 1). There have been countless studies over recent years that have recorded the levels of damage that can be caused to coral reef and the manner in which this affects the ability of the reefs to sustain their eco-systems in the longer term. The studies of Jameson et al (2007), Cesar (2003), and Agarwal and Shaw (2007) are amongst recent academics who warn that ignoring these issues will have serious adverse consequences. Although causes of damage have been highlighted to include such factors as increases in carbon emissions, the consequence of air and sea travel and marine faming and fishing, diving tourism has also been shown to have a direct impact on the reef in this respect. Consequently it has generated its own expanding area of research attention (Ryan and Page 2000, p.275). In general it is considered that damage from diving tourism manifests itself in the activities of several industry stakeholders: The diving fraternity Numerous academic studies have been conducted to assess the level of damage caused to the coral reef by divers (Cesar 2003, Barker and Roberts 2004 amongst others). Most have concluded that inexperience within this marine environment is one of the root causes of this damage (Barker and Roberts 2004, p.482). Hawkins and Roberts (quoted in Cesar 2003), attributed 95% of all diver coral damage being the result of misuse of fins and hands, for example by kicking or brushing against the coral or using hands to grab onto coral and propel the diver through the water. In addition, lack of care with equipment is another contributory factor. Lack of buoyancy training or knowledge will often result in a situation where a diver’s scuba equipment will knock or fall against the coral, causing breakages. These results are confirmed by other studies carried out by Barker and Roberts (2004), who recorded 261 incidences of contact being made with the coral whilst observing 353 active divers, in other words incidences were occurring in approach 74% of dives. However, the also found that when accompanied by guides, this level of accident fell by around 80% (barker and Roberts 2004, pp. 485 and 488). This proved to the authors that guided dives were an important element of marine protection policies. The destination resort Increased levels of diving tourism have had an impact upon the local infrastructure of the resorts. To meet the demands of these tourists, in some cases sand is being taken from the beaches in order to fulfil construction requirements for projects such as hotels (Gladstone 2000, p.1023). In other words, through these and other actions, â€Å"resort hotels and other service providers and retailers are damaging the reefs to provide their businesses with better opportunities† (Mowforth and Munt 2003, 282). Furthermore, the continual expansion of tourism resorts in coastal areas is creating more â€Å"sewage and other rubbish than local infrastructures can handle† (Brown 2000, p.48), which means that some of this effluence is finding its way into the seas surrounding the coral reefs. The level of waste that is being produced increases the incidence of damage caused to the fragile eco-system of the coral reefs. Tour operators Tour operators, whether these are international tour companies or local tour operators such as diving clubs are also criticised by the environment community, mainly because of the damage their methods of operations cause to marine sites. This criticism relates generally to two main issues. The first is the lack of knowledge and training that they provide to the diving tourist and indeed the lack of supervision (Agarwal and Shaw 2007). Research like that undertaken by Gladstone (2000) and Wilkinson (2006) indicates that when divers are being instructed and supervised in groups, the level of damage reduces significantly. The other criticism levelled at tour operators is aimed at those who use boats as platforms from which to commence diving excursions. As Weaver (2005, p.83) and Prior et al (1995) point out, the dropping and dragging of anchors can and does damage corals. This area of activity has increased recently because beaches have become more exclusive in some exotic areas, Restricted from beach access, independent operators have had no choice but to move their operations to sea (Hess and El-bakry2007). National and local authorities The other stakeholder who actions, or inactions, have an impact upon the marine coral reef environment are the local and national governments and authorities. The problem in this respect is often related to the condition of the national economy and that country’s position in terms of economic growth compared with other nations (Cote and Reynolds 2006). Many coral reefs are situated close to developing countries. Many governments in developing countries, either due to lack of resources and the need for the revenue produced from marine tourism, lack the â€Å"political will† or inclination to take steps to protect the marine environment, irrespective of the consequences (Wilkinson 2006 and Roberts 2007). As can be seen, the actions of all of the above contributing causes of damage are leading to the â€Å"depletion of coral reefs at sea† (Brown 2000, p.69). It is against the difficulties outlined above that marine environmentalists have needed to develop marine protection deemed acceptable by all industry stakeholders. 2.3 Marine environment protection As Cote and Reynolds (2006), Carlton-Ray and McCormick-Ray (2004) and Orams (1999) research reveals, there have been a number of proposals put forward by various interested parties that are designed to reduce the impact of diving tourism on the marine coral reef environment. Some of these measures, including more supervision, charging fees to allow tourists to take part in dives in specific areas and closer control of resort planning regulations had been directly aimed at improving other stakeholders’ behaviour. Some of these, including floating and submerged walkways (El-Adli and Bashandy 2003), are designed to improve environment use and enjoyment. However, other protection measures have been more restrictive. For example, a method of zoning is being implemented in a number of marine areas, which are seen as a means of prohibiting diving in areas that are considered particularly sensitive. Similarly, the use of mooring buoys for boats, whilst reducing the damage caused by anchors, can also be used in conjunction with zoning to direct divers away from certain marine areas (El-Adli and Bashandy 2003). 2.4 Sustainable diving tourism Tourist destinations and tour operators have all be quick to exploit the expansion of recreational diving activities in areas of marine beauty (Wahab and Pigrim 1995, p.284) and that includes enjoying their hobby in the more exotic areas of the world that include the coral reefs eco-systems (Mowforth and Munt 2003, 147). Most observers and academics and observers are of the opinion that if they wish to continue with this pleasure activity, divers and their organisations need to change their practices to a more sustainable form (Mowforth and Munt 2003, p.4). As organisations such as the Coral Reef Alliance (2008) advice suggests, many of these conservation measures are based largely on common sense. For example, perhaps the most basic aspect of advice is that which promotes the learning of skills such as buoyancy and avoiding physical contact with the reef (Kenally 2006). These skills will eliminate damage being caused either by physical or equipment contact. Another aspect of good diving is to stay clear of the sea bed and learn body control that avoids accidental contact (Coral Reef Alliance (2008). In addition to this advice for diving activities whilst in the water, the Coral Reef Alliance (2008), also provides the following recommendations for divers when they are shore-side, which consists of the following: Support coral parks and other conservation projects by: Paying user fees in recognized coral parks and conservation areas that are actively supporting coral reef conservation. Encouraging and supporting the use of dive moorings. Participating in cleanups Volunteering your skills Donating used equipment such as cameras, dive gear or reef ID books. Avoid purchasing souvenirs made from coral, turtles or other marine life -often this is illegal, and it’s never environmentally wise. Speak up; make sure your dive buddies understand these simple but important conservation practices. Source: Coral Reef Alliance (2008) 2.5 The Red Sea and diving tourism A stated previously, the increase in diving tourism is rising exponentially and there is little sign of this rate decreasing in the near future (Gladstone 2000, p. 1016). Although this endangers coral reefs throughout the world, as Prior et al (2007) and Harriott (2002), suggest, one of the most vulnerable sites has to be the Red Sea (see figure 2). As Hess (2007), also explains, because of its location in relation to Europe and other world nations, the coral reefs in the Red Sea act like a magnet in terms of attracting diving tourists, which places an additional burden upon the marine environment. Although, at least up to 2004, the condition and status of the† coral reefs bordering the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden is generally good, with live hard coral cover averaging 20-50%† (Hassan et al 2002), research carried out since that comment was made indicates that there potential issues in terms of diving damage to be addressed in the area. Egypt is planning to continue the expansion of its tourism industry, for which it has set a target of receiving â€Å"16 million tourists by 2017† (Shaalan 2005). A segment of this increased tourist population will be attracted by diving activities, continuing a trend that has been evidenced since the turn of the century (see table 2). Already, with in excess of 250,000 dives per annum along part of the Red Sea coast, other research has revealed disturbing evidence of coral reef damage from diving activities. For example, in a survey conducted by Zakai and Chadwick-Furman (2002, p. 179), significant evidence of diver damage was reported. This survey reported the following conclusions: Around 10 incidents of coral damage per dive, ranging from sediment to contact damage. Damage levels were related directly to the frequency of diving activities, and were not affected by the geographical design of the area. Similarly, contrary to Hassan et al’s (2002) research, a similarly study carried out by Cesar (2003, p. 7), refuted claims that the coral reef remained unaffected, reporting in this case that â€Å"40% of dive sites have less than 30% coral cover, with one third having significant levels or broken and damaged corals.† The consensus of opinion amongst academics who have studied this specific location, which includes Gladstone (2000), Cesar (2003), Zakir and Chadwick-Furman (2002) and Shaalan (2005), is that without the introduction of serious levels of marine protection and diving control policies, the current levels of damage to the marine eco-system in the area will be exacerbate. This might lead to irreparable damage to this environment. As Shaalan (2005) also comment, all of the stakeholders, including the government, tour operators and resort managers and the divers themselves, have a role to play in introducing a range of policies and practices to ensure a level of sustainable tourism will be achieved and halt the current degradation to the coral environment that is taking place. These concerns are aptly summarised by Jameson et al (2007, p. 309) who state that â€Å"From a historical perspective, at the Small Giftun site from 1987 to 1996, percentage hard coral cover decreased by 43% and algal cover increased over fourfold. If the diving tourism industry is to sustain itself in the Egyptian Red Sea, every management effort must be made to minimise controllable sources of stress on the coral reef system.† 2.6 Summary From the analysis and examination of the literature indentified within this chapter, it is apparent that the marine environment is being subjected to environmental damage. Furthermore, whilst there might be some justification for those within the diving community to say that they and their activities are not solely responsible for this damage, to majority of research studied indicates that there are sufficient levels of damage being caused by this sector of the tourism industry to warrant the need for protective action. In addition, current decisions being made regarding the future of tourism in Egypt, which suggests that 55% of the future growth is anticipated to occur within coastal regions along the Red Sea (Hawkins and Roberts 1994), confirm that the urgency of need to implement sustainable practices and policies to protect the marine and coral reef environment in the region. Furthermore, it suggests that the timescale of this introduction is limited. The results of the primary research conducted for this study, which also concentrates upon the Red Sea area (see chapters 4 and 5), will provide an indication of the levels of responsibility felt by stakeholders in the diving sector and the level of their commitment to change. Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 Introduction The research question chosen for this research, namely to study the impact of diving upon the marine and coral reef environment was motivated by two main situations. Firstly, it is intended to examine this issue in an area that has indicated a preparedness to increase the current levels of diving tourism within the next decade by significant numbers. Secondly, the complexities of stakeholder demands within the region suggest that the creation of marine environmental protection policies that will satisfy the needs and of all those involved. Bearing in mind these limitations, the aim of the research therefore is to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of current and future sustainable tourism policies in the region, specifically those related to the diving sector. There has been a considerable amount of research conducted into the environmental damage being caused to the marine environment and eco-systems of the coral reefs in the Red Sea. However, despite these advances, it is the author’s view that, although the plans and policies for sustainability suggested by various environmental academics are to be applauded, their successful implementation is dependent upon the views of others. Unless agreement is reached between all the stakeholders to take action any new initiative is doomed to failure. Therefore, a major part of the focus of this research project is to assess how and if the views of commercial stakeholders and diving service users, in other words the divers themselves, coincide with those of the policy makers. 3.2 Choice of research method Any study relating to issues of a commercial or economic nature can be conducted through the choice of a number of methods. The options available consists of research study using secondary data collection processes, which can combine a case study investigation with pre-existing literature of sufficient expertise to provide an extensive overview of the subject matter. Alternatively, the research can choose the more focused route of conducting questionnaire and interviews with representatives from the sector being studied. In the case of this specific research into diving in the Red Sea, it was decided that, in isolation, the independent use of one of the above would not provide sufficient depth the research project embarked upon. It was therefore the author’s decision to use a combination of both methods as this was deemed to enable the achievement of a more valued resolution to the research question (Denscombe 1998). In reaching this decision, the author also considered the limitations that can apply to these research methods. For example, one area that is often of concern with the collection of primary data is the achievement of an appropriate sampling that would serve as a sufficient representation for the industry as a whole. The issue to be aware of in this case is to ensure that, whilst the primary process can result in the revelation of data and information that might be difficult to obtain through other methods, its analysis should be kept free from personal or organisational bias. One method of ensuring the lack of bias, which contributed to the author’s choice of research method, is to use the secondary data collected for the process of cross-referencing and comparison with primary findings. This ensures that the research retains a balanced and accurate approach to the issues and results being studied. 3.3 The questionnaires and interviews In view of the issue of diving and marine conservation being studied for this project, the process of primary data collection in this case

Characteristics of Modern Drama

The essence of this paper is to list and discuss characteristics of modern period drama. These characteristics are realism, naturalism and interaction between characters and the readers. They will be discussed along with Henrik Ibsen’s ‘Ghosts’ and Arthur Miller’s ‘Death of a Sales man’. Realism and naturalism are considered to be the cornerstones of modern drama as we know it today. They are the major influencers of the modern drama. Henrik Ibsen is considered to be the founding father of these two movements. It is crucial to note that characters in these two movements represent themselves as normal human beings and this aid to the readers to interact and analyse the play to make their own judgements which is a feature of modern drama. Realism in literature was first developed in France in the mid-nineteenth century. Realist writers sought to narrate their plays from an objective, unbiased perspective that simply and clearly represented the factual elements of the play. They became masters at psychological characterization, detailed descriptions of everyday life in realistic settings, and dialogue that captures the idioms of natural human speech. The realists endeavoured to accurately represent contemporary culture and people from all walks of life. Ghosts capture the issues that concern us in everyday life. They are real issues that concern us in the contemporary world. The fact that they are real and not shielded they led to the play being rejected when it was first produced in1891. What Ibsen was saying was the truth which was took place in the society before 19th Century and was concealed. By revealing issues such as sex, sexual transmitted infections, incest, and infidelity he hurt the society since such issues were not openly discussed prior the 19th Century. The reason why ‘Ghosts’ was rejected is that it dramatise those secret issues. â€Å"Daily Telegraph leader is perhaps the most damning, describing the play as: ‘an open drain; a loathsome sore unbandaged; a dirt act done publicly; a lazar house with all its doors and windows open’. Ibsen, (2002: xxvi). In reality matters such as promiscuity does happen. Captain Alving represents this issue and in turn it is concealed at first because the only time Mrs Alving mentions it is in Act 2 after Osvald made sexual advances to Regina at the end of Act 1. Pastor Manders not to believe it but she tells her that she confirmed it from Johanna, who is Regina’s mother. And also sexual transmitted does affect children. So it was of no help to conceal reality because at the end of everything it will bounce back ith its consequences having to be addressed. At the end Mrs Alving had no choice but to tell the truth though it is late at Osvald’s side because his syphilitic condition its already in the advanced stage for being cured. In ‘Death of a Sales man’ we see Willy Loman concealing the reality that he is no longer doing well in travelling sales. He claims that he is doing exceptionally well though he is in the habit of borrowing money from Charlie pretending it to be his weekly wages. He also claims to be well liked yet he is fired shamelessly in his job. He taints Biff and Happy by saying that being well liked is the key to success yet he is not successful himself. Now we can see how realism present itself in these two plays. On the other hand naturalism is a movement in theatre, film, and literature that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as Romanticism or Surrealism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. Naturalistic writers were influenced by the evolution theory of Charles Darwin. They believed that one's heredity and social environment decide one's character. Whereas realism seeks only to describe subjects as they really are, naturalism also attempts to determine â€Å"scientifically† the underlying forces (i. e. the environment or heredity) influencing these subjects' actions. They are both opposed to romanticism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. Naturalistic works often include uncouth or sordid subject matter. For example, Emile Zola's works had frankness about sexuality along with a pervasive pessimism. Naturalistic works exposed the dark harshness of life, including poverty, racism, prejudice, disease, prostitution, filth, etc. They were often very pessimistic and frequently criticized for being too blunt. Naturalism applies to ‘Ghosts’ and ‘Death of a Salesman in the sense that it sees human fate as the result of the environment they find themselves in. As Sigmund Freud said ‘man‘s basic instincts are sexuality and extent that he was a highly promiscuous man who ended up impregnating her maid. Looking at Charles Darwin also we find that the environment is the primary cause of everything that man does therefore man has no control over his actions. This will backup Captain Alving for being promiscuous. By making sexual advances to Regina, Osvald is also the victim of the environment and heredity. Furthermore in ‘Death of a Sales man’ the reason why Willy Loman find himself in the situation he is in it is because of the environment. He wants to conquer new territories thus he refers to himself a New England man. He also says if one is well liked he will never want yet he is an unknown character. The fact that he commits suicide at the end of the play is the causality of the environment. The environment he occupied could not let him to achieve the values by which lives. According to naturalists he has no control all over things that happen in his life. Moreover the interaction between the readers and the characters is a characteristic of modern period drama. It is captured by the fact that these two plays are realistic. The characters in ‘Ghosts’ and ‘Death of a Salesman’ represents themselves as normal human beings. The issues that they capture are known and their consequences to the characters are mirroring what is happening in the society at large. The readers feel what the characters feel and also sympathize with them as in the real life. In ‘Ghosts’ the readers feel pity for Osvald for having acquired syphilis from his father. This situation also reminds us of the babies who are born HIV positive today. It is indeed a sad situation for an individual to find themselves in. Also in ‘Death of a Sales man’ as readers we wish Willy Loman could think otherwise in order for him to escape the fate he is in. We wish he could realise that the frontier was reached by those who arrived there first. And that he could teach his sons that being well liked and personally attractive has nothing to do with success at all. This is never achievable because the play was written to portray the reality of natural fate such as death. As human beings we do not have a control over these things. In conclusion realism and naturalism and the interaction between the readers an the characters are the characteristics in modern period drama. The plays portrays the real issues of life and also the natural part of life which human beings have no control over. Also we find that the readers are able to interact with the characters because what is going on in the play is the same as what is going on in life. REFERENCESIbsen. H, (2002), Ghosts, London, Nick Hern Books. Miller. A, (2000), Death of a Salesman, Great Britian, Penguin Group. e. Notes. com,Realism Introduction,(2010), http://www. enotes. com/realism/, retrieved 21-04-2010UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH SHALANI GOBIFELWANG 200602865MR SEDA MODERN ENGLISH DRAMA ENG 482 21-04-2010Using any two plays that you have studied in this course list and analyse any three characteristics, features or conventions of drama of the modern period.

Game theory in online game market Essay

In Chinese online game market, there are two normal price strategies, Charging and Free. The Charging means that the customers need to pay for the game. They need to buy the game client or pay for the playing time (for example: RMB30 for 4000minits or RMB90 for 1month). The Free means that the customers can play the basic game for free. And they can buy some items in the shop on the official website or directly in the game store. The two players I picked for this analysis are World of Warcraft from Blizzard Entertainment, Inc.and a new launched online game from Beijing Perfect World Network Technology Co. , Ltd. Blizzard Entertainment is one of the best game producers all over the world. And the World of Warcraft is one of the three most famous game launched by Blizzard Entertainment. In number of simultaneous online players of World of Warcraft reached its peak on 2009 at about 13million players. This number decreased to about 10million in 2012. And now, based on the financial report from Blizzard Entertainment, this number is about 8million. Perfect World is one of the most famous game producers in China. They launched more than 15 online games not only in Chinese market, but also in oversea market such as Europe, North America, Russia and Australia. My topic is about that Perfect World wants to launch a new online game in Chinese market. And then Blizzard Entertainment will decide the price strategy for World of Warcraft. Both the two company has two price strategies, Charging and Free. The World of Warcraft now using the Charging price strategy. Because that when Blizzard Entertainment launched World of Warcraft, it was the best online game in the online game market. Now some of their customers go to play free games. But the World of Warcraft still being seen as has higher quality than any â€Å"Made in China† online games. Perfect World Blizzard EntertainmentPW: Free BE: FreePW: Charging BE: Free PW: Free BE: ChargingPW: Charging BE: Charging In the left top block, both the two company choose Free. In this case, more customers will choose Blizzard Entertainment’s game. At the same price, they will naturally choose the better one. But the Blizzard Entertainment’s profits will decline as they translate from Charging to Free. In the left bottom block, Blizzard Entertainment keep Charging and Perfect World choose Free. This situation is what happened in recent years. Some of their customers go to play free games. The Blizzard Entertainment will lose their customers and profits. In the right top block, Blizzard Entertainment changes its price strategy to Free but Perfect World chooses Charging. In this case, most of customers will choose Blizzard Entertainment’s World of Warcraft. Because they can play higher quality game for free. In the right bottom block, both the two company choose Charging. In this situation, both of them will lose their profits. The customers will go to find other free games in the market. So l will evaluate the case as follow: Perfect World Blizzard EntertainmentPW: Free(4) BE: Free(5)PW: Charging(3) BE: Free(10) PW: Free(5) BE: Charging(6)PW: Charging(3) BE: Charging(3) So we can see that no matter Blizzard Entertainment choose Charging or Free, Perfect World will choose Free to get more profits. That means, in this Sequential Game, Perfect World has its domain option to choose Free. After Perfect World make its decision, Blizzard Entertainment will keep Charging to get more profits.

Gender Inequality And The Workplace Essay - 1344 Words

Gender inequality or also known as gender stratification, is the unequal distribution of a society’s wealth, power, and privilege between females and males. (Scott and Schwartz, 2000). Even though gender equality in the workplace has improved substantially in the US since 1979 especially when women started representing an increasingly larger share of the total workforce and earning about 62 percent as much as men, the women s average pay continues to be lower than that of men. It is still an undeniable fact that equality in pay and promotions in the workplace exists and are important topics constantly discussed. When we look at the history, we would see that the workplace was imagined mostly for men. In the 19th century women were portrayed as people who should not work. The evolution of American women in the workforce have had to fight and to prove that they can be a contributing part of the labor force. Before the Civil War, the role of women in society was considered to sta y at home to take care of their children and household chores, while the men would go out and work to earn money. However, later this mentality began to change as women started to enter the workforce. It started a sense of freedom for women. A great change in the workforce happened after the Civil War. American women became an important part of the labor force and they started performing a lot of service related jobs.Show MoreRelatedWorkplace Inequality And Gender Inequality1678 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace Inequality Brittany N. Shipley Central Penn College Abstract As you are reading you will be informed of the many factors that can contribute to workplace inequality. Three factors associated with workplace would include (1) the individuals gender can determine compensation (2) the race or ethnicity of an individual (3) the age of the individuals. 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